This collective volume is the first outcome of an experiment in transdisciplinary scientific research started in 2012 with the creation at the University of Salento (Italy) of a group of young researchers called LAIR (an acronym for Law and Agroecology – Ius et Rus), and continued in 2013 with the organization of an International Conference in Lecce entitled Agroecology and Law: A Transdisciplinary Dialogue. The research was motivated by a growing awareness of profound changes in the socioeconomic paradigm that have taken place in agriculture. Agriculture has evolved from the monofunctional perspective, referring exclusively to the production of goods for private use (raw materials to be used for food or industrial purposes) and to the remuneration of producers for those goods, towards a multifunctional vision. It is recognized that agriculture provides fundamental ecosystem services, inspired by the principle of sustainable development and conforming to the rule of environmental cross-compliance. This process of transformation has been accompanied by the emergence of a vibrant and expanding field of international research, namely agroecology. Agroecology has progressively integrated the points of view of various disciplines: agronomy, ecology, environmental sciences, geography, sociology, anthropology, history, economics, ethics, and political science. Agroecology has evolved through overcoming the traditional frontiers between “natural” and “social” sciences and examining the concept of agroecosystem viewed as a socio-ecological system. Law, however, has remained separate and very far from the debate within agroecology. This volume proposes to explore, for the first time in a direct and broad-spectrum way, the relationship between law and agroecology. These two branches of knowledge that hitherto have not really communicated with each other are now called upon to become reciprocally acquainted, giving rise to a process of coevolution.