I appreciate the help and divine guidance of my indwelling partner, the Holy Spirit. I am thankful to the Lord God Almighty and my Saviour Jesus Christ who preserved and sustained me and provided the resources that were necessary to complete this book. This book is an offshoot from my PhD thesis, and I am immensely grateful to my supervisors, Drs Troy Lavers and Eki Omorogbe, for their tireless efforts, encouragements and support. I am also grateful to Drs Loveday Hodson, Paolo Vargiu and Yassin Brunger and Professors Katja Ziegler and Elizabeth Wicks of the School of Law, University of Leicester, for their huge support. The completion of this book would not have been possible without the support of my spiritual father Rev Dr Efe Obuke and his family in Louisiana, United States of America. Thank you for your immense support in every way. I would like to thank Dr Solomon Ukhuegbe, Professors Atsegbua, Chianu, Inegbedion, Omoruyi, Idubor, Odiase-Alegimenlen, Aniekwu, Kalu and Aigbokhaevbo all of the Faculty of Law, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, for their mentorship and guidance in completing this book. I also appreciate the mentorship of Professor Chris Ohurogu whose insights into ICL and IHL were a great impetus for me to pursue this ambition; thanks also to Dr Ngozi Stewart for being a vital part of the process.