This book is the culmination of yet another long night’s journey into day. While it has taken me many years to write, its arguments rest largely on foundations built by others. What began as a somewhat timid response to Gerry Simpson’s excellent Law, War and Crime: War Crimes Trials and the Reinvention of International Law (Cambridge: Polity, 2007) was soon buttressed by the authoritative contents of International Prosecutors, edited by Luc Reydams, Jan Wouters and Cedric Ryngaert and published by Oxford University Press in 2012. The publication of Christine Schw?bel-Patel’s Critical Approaches to International Criminal Law: An Introduction (London and New York: Routledge, 2014) offered muchneeded reassurance that other scholars were grappling with the vexing issues perplexing me. Without quality scholarship like theirs, it would not have been possible to write this book. I am also grateful to the Macmillan Brown Library at the University of Canterbury for granting me access to their Justice Erima Harvey Northcroft Tokyo War Crimes Trial Collection. It is, without doubt, a national treasure.