This book started as doctoral dissertation at the University of Edinburgh School of Law. There I had the privilege of working with two excellent supervisors–Graeme Laurie andKenMason–whose insightful thoughts, fair and apposite criticisms, creative and original observations, and lively agreements and disagreements (with me as well with each other) on different parts of my work greatly helped me to develop the arguments and views presented in this book. I would also like to express my gratitude to Th´er`ese Murphy and Cormac MacAmlaigh, who carefully read my work and made valuable comments and remarks for improving it. I have benefited from advice from and discussions with Elisa Walker, Oche Onazi, Thomas Horseley, Findlay Stark, Sharon Cowan, Paolo Sandro, Conrado H¨ubner Mendes, Haris Psarras, and Gerard Porter, and from generous suggestions of the anonymous reviewers of Cambridge University Press who read an earlier draft of the manuscript. On amore personal note: I amparticularly grateful toDanielle Rached, Francisco Saffie, and Hiie Ormisson for their friendship and encouragement. I wish to thank Jeff Fodiak for his companionship, patience, kindness, and assistance. His presence has been invaluable. I am deeply grateful to my parents, Anu and Uno, and to my sister, Karina, for their love and support.