Writing this book was made possible by invaluable support and encouragement of colleagues and several institutions. Above all others I would like to thank Prof. Gianmaria Ajani for his continuous guidance and confi dence in my work since I began this project in 2007. The faculty and staff of Cornell Law School deserve special mention as I was fortunate to call Cornell home while I completed my dissertation, which later became the basis for this book. Special gratitude must be paid to my professors at Cornell, Robert Hockett and Muna Ndulo for taking the time, whether it was in the halls of Myron Taylor or over the telephone to help me shape my arguments. I would also like to thank Prof. Mitch Lasser whose criticism on the fi rst drafts of this book and his friendship gave me the guidance and strength to follow through with this project. An immeasurable thanks to Dean Charles Cramton, Larry Bush, and Dawne Peacock for their institutional support. Special thanks are also due to my colleagues at CLEI and fellow J.S.D. candidates at Cornell, whose encouragement helped me through the most diffi cult days of this project. Thank you Toby Goldbach and Cynthia Farid for putting up with my endless emails and text messages as I worked on this book. Thank you to my friends in beautiful Settignano, Italy who provided the calm and quiet I needed while fi nishing parts of this manuscript. I am also grateful to Hannah Rogers for her careful reading of this book, as I have gone through revisions. Grateful thanks to my mother for her continuous love and support, my father for his tolerance in moments of confusion, and my sister who is my idol. Of course all responsibility for the fi nal outcome of this work, including any errors, remains mine and mine alone.