This book records the outcomes of a forum held at the Australian National University in September 2012, which asked scholars and practitioners working in the field of the law of armed conflict to critically examine what they held to be the primary legal challenges arising from the use of certain new technologies in armed conflict, and future directions of legal development in light of the specific characteristics and challenges each technology presents for both the law of armed conflict and the battlespace. Many of the chapters which appear in this book were first presented at this forum, and we thank all who presented and contributed to discussions. Many of the speakers at the forum subsequently developed their work into a chapter of this book, based on lively discussions at the forum, and additional authors became involved in the book project. We gratefully acknowledge the Australian Centre for Military and Security Law, the ANU College of Law and its College Outreach Activities Support Team (COAST) for their support in convening the forum. We thank various governmental departments, in particular the Commonwealth Attorney-General’s Department, Australian Defence Force, Department of Defence, and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Red Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross for their generosity in allowing their staff to share their expertise and specialist knowledge at the forum. We are also grateful to the Australian Research Council for supporting research by Hitoshi Nasu, Margaret E. Kosal and Thomas A. Faunce and helping us complete the manuscript under its Discovery Project funding scheme (Project ID 110102637). We thank our Assistants, Kiri McEwan, Natasha Purvis, Helen Trezise, Michael Keefe and Shiang Ye, who helped put together this book. Kiri McEwan took the admirable leadership in managing the editorial assistance team, particularly during the difficult time while the editors were away in Europe. Michael Keefe and Shiang Ye diligently kept the verbatim record of the forum discussions and Shiang also helped in the final stages of the preparation of the manuscript. Natasha Purvis and Helen Trezise provided exceptional research and proofreading assistance to the editors.