Despite a backlash against investment treaty arbitration from several states and the civil society, the European Union (EU) and Canada have recently concluded the “Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA)” whose investment chapter contains such a dispute settlement mechanism. According to EU and Canadian officials, CETA’s Investment Chapter represents a decisive response to the legitimacy crisis facing investment treaty arbitration. Such a declaration, nevertheless, should not be treated as self-evidential. In light of the above, the monograph attempts to assess whether CETA’s Investment Chapter constitutes a positive response to the legitimacy crisis facing investment treaty arbitration.