The inquiry collectively carried out in this book moves from (and partly builds on) the works of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the European Society of International Law, held in Naples in September 2017 and entitled ‘Global Public Goods, Global Commons and Fundamental Values: The Responses of International Law’. The Conference was a great success. In the short time span of three days, some 500 international law scholars and practitioners (including leading global experts) gathered in six fora and 12 agorai, stirring a lively debate where the various facets of the Conference theme were analysed in depth.