The forensic analysis of biological material today plays a significant role in both the criminal justice system in helping resolve medical–legal matters and in a humanitarian capacity via the identification of human remains in mass fatality and missing people investigations. About 10 years or so ago the field of forensic genetics was in a bit of a lull in that, seemingly, the ability to recover DNA suitable for short tandem repeats typing from a variety of sample types, whether degraded or not and whether present in large quantities or not, was routine. However, this period of relative calm changed when important reliability issues were raised in court about the interpretation of complex mixtures, the case-contextual information surrounding an obtained DNA profile, and whether low-template DNA analysis was fit for purpose. More recently, significant technological developments such as massively parallel sequencing (MPS) and Rapid-DNA, and technical advances such as SNP typing for individualization, ancestry, and external visible traits are in the process of revolutionizing forensic genomics practice. Forensic genetics is no longer only principally concerned with case disposition but is equally involved in the provision of forensic intelligence to its customers. Many of these recent developments are covered in the various chapters of this book.