Researchers, academics, and practitioners in many fields now readily embrace the concepts and principles of evidence-based practice. It might seem obvious that what professionals do in any area of applied work should be based on a sound body of knowledge derived from well-conducted research. But until not long ago, that was not the customary way to proceed, and even after proposals to do so were made, there was (and there continues to be) some resistance to following this route. The movement towards adoption of a more scientifically grounded approach is widely understood to have begun in medicine, with the criticisms made by the British epidemiologist Archie Cochrane (1972) seen as pivotal in alerting medical doctors to the need for systematically accumulated research. This led to the foundation of the now worldwide Cochrane Collaboration (Chalmers et al., 1992). Parallel developments later arose in other disciplines, notably the Campbell Collaboration addressing the numerous unresolved issues in education, social work, criminal justice, and elsewhere.