This book is the product of over 20 years of company law teaching, both at graduate and at undergraduate level. During this time, I have found that the current approaches for analysing company law are useful for some purposes but fall short for others. I took a sabbatical in 2015 to investigate an alternative model, real entity theory, which dominated company law scholarship into the first half of the 20th century. Real entity theorists at that time based their work on intuition. The study of organizations and human behaviour in organizational contexts had just started with contributors such as Frederick Winslow Taylor writing about optimizing production processes. Unfortunately, real entity theory started to wane in legal circles at about the same time as the study of organizations began to emerge in other social sciences. Today, we benefit from a rich body of contributions analysing and explaining how social forces shape organizational action and individual actions within organizations. This book relies on these contributions to advance a modern version of a real entity theory of company law.