Intimate partner violence (IPV) includes “physical violence, sexual violence, stalking, and psychological aggression (including coercive tactics) by a current or former intimate partner” (Breiding, Basile, Smith, Black, & Mahendra, 2015, p. 11). In addition to including various types (e.g., physical, sexual) and relationship classifications (e.g., spousal, dating), IPV also includes other dimensions. According to Montanez, Donley, and Reckdenwald (2020), this means that each episode or pattern of IPV has:
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A severity through which violence hurts.
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A frequency through which violence recurs.
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A duration through which violence lasts.
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A number of perpetrators through which violence can reappearacross the lifespan.