The majority of this book was written during a sabbatical from SUNY Corning at the School of Law at the University of Aberdeen in Scotland during the fall semester of 2019. I would like to thank Elizabeth Shaw and Greg Gordon, as well as members of the law school and philosophy department at the University of Aberdeen, for their warm welcome and for providing me with the support and facilities needed to research and write this book. The book benefited greatly from my numerous conversations with Elizabeth Shaw as well as my head-clearing walks in the Scottish countryside and highlands. I would also like to thank Dan and Joy Shaw, John and Margaret Callender, Nigel Dower, Patricia Clarke, J. R. Cameron, Gerard Hough, Beth Lord, Federico Luzzi, Luca Moretti, Stephan Torre, and Dasha Shapovalova for making my stay in Aberdeen a pleasant one.