This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the legal issues surrounding the implementation of REDD+ in Indonesia. REDD+ includes countries’ efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation as well as fostering conservation, sustainable forest management, and enhancing forest carbon stocks. The focus on Indonesia provides a lens through which to understand the many difficulties that tropical rainforest developing countries face when engaging with the REDD+ project. In the first place, they must engage in the international REDD+ negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) so as to influence the taking of any decisions that may affect them. Country positions are not necessarily aligned, as some States look forward to participating in a REDD+ international carbon credit market while others eschew the market entirely and prefer a public funding approach. In addition, the REDD+ decisions that have emerged incrementally since 2007 place binding obligations on developing countries to move gradually towards a system where their emissions reduction activities can be internationally verified. As this book shows, this must be achieved while at the same time complying with the REDD+ safeguards. The obligations are, by any measure, significant. The purpose of this book is to shine a light on Indonesia’s progress with embracing REDD+ as a national priority for reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. This experience can serve as a useful guide to those who wish to investigate comparatively the implementation of REDD+ in other jurisdictions, albeit that differing economic, social, cultural, legal and political structures will always provide the prevailing context. Deforestation in tropical rainforest countries is a significant contributor to human-induced climate change. Deforestation, especially in the tropics, contributes around 20 per cent of annual global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, in the case of Indonesia, amounts to 85 per cent of its annual emissions from human activities (Sari et al. 2007: 3), making Indonesia the third highest emitter of GHGs in the world. REDD+ is a key international policy being adopted to reduce these GHGs and was formally adopted under the UNFCCC at the Thirteenth Conference of the Parties (COP 13) in Bali.