One of the greatest threats to environmental and human security today is transnational ecoviolence and crime, which has become both a lucrative enterprise and a mode of life in many regions of the world. Taking an explicitly interdisciplinary approach, this text provides a comprehensive overview of transnational ecoviolence, moving away from the more traditional treatment of ecoviolence as the study of conflicts resulting from resource scarcity (though these are certainly involved as well). If we expand the conventional definition of crime to include both acts and structures of violence, future historians may well look back at the current era as the era of transnational ecoviolence and crime, when we failed to come to grips with its extent and to deal effectively with it on numerous jurisdictional levels. We use ecoviolence here as Laura Westra used it in an often overlooked volume she published in 2004; though it encompasses violence related to conflicts over natural resources (as Thomas Homer- Dixon and others have researched so well), it also includes violence against nature that is either illegal or, as some would say, damn well should be.