From ancient times music has been adored, admired and praised, or conversely,
feared or hated. It is the subject of an ongoing debate on the nature of the emotions
and socio-political responses it is able to evoke. This discussion reflects the diversity
of intellectual fields that study both the making of music in its many forms and
variations and how it is received by its listeners. The only matter on which there is
unanimous agreement is the importance of the functions of music. What effect does
music have on the feelings and moods of human (or animal) listeners? (Schafer
et al. 2013). Musicologists are often seen as the experts on everything connected to
understanding and feeling music. Students of world cultures ask: how does making
music contribute to the integration of individuals in various societies all over the
world? (Merriam 1964). Music historians laid the groundwork by analyzing the
functions of music in terms of Zeitgeist