The criterion separating Forensic Anthropologists from other Anthropologists or Archeologists is that they operate within the realm of the medico-legal system. One definition of the term “forensic” means relating to or dealing with the application of scientific knowledge to legal problems. In the context of this volume the authors are discussing the application of scientific knowledge as it pertains to anthropology casework performed in the legal milieu. Forensic Anthropology has its roots in Biological or Physical Anthropology. Much of the methodological underpinnings of the science were developed for use on dissection cadavers or on skeletons derived from archeological contexts. The application of these scientific principles to forensic casework began organically as consultations to local academicians and slowly morphed into the varied and dynamic field of study observed today.