This book discusses how the rules on international carriage of goods should be changed in order to enhance sustainable carriage of goods within the EU. The goal of sustainable carriage could be achieved if the steadily growing road carriage within the Union could be replaced by more environmentally friendly multimodal transport involving rail and sea carriage. One way to make this happen, as suggested by the European Commission, is to provide the transport industry with a harmonised liability regime for European multimodal transport. By doing so, one obstacle to increased use of multimodal transport arrangements in the shape of the unpredictable legal situation of the parties to a contract of carriage, would be removed. The latter problem, identified as the regulatory gap in international transport, has been discussed internationally for decades, but with no solution so far. This book outlines and analyses the common transport policy on multimodal sustainable carriage of goods and its impact on the private law regimes governing it. The different proposals for an EU regime on multimodal contracts of carriage will be discussed in this context. One of the questions addressed is the competence of the EU in the area of international transport, which previously was left to the Member States in different international collaboration. Despite the fact that environmental protection should be integrated in all EU activities, its impact is more of a political than a legal question. Economic research shows that efforts by the EU towards a harmonised liability regime are not likely to be very effective as regards the desired modal shift. This book accordingly argues that the EU Commission should rethink its strategy and not rely upon the mere existence of a harmonised liability regime to reach its goal of sustainable carriage of goods.