This book was written between 2017 and 2018. These two years also reflect two important anniversaries related to the International Criminal Court. The first one refers to the 15th anniversary of the Rome Statute of the icc entering into force in 2002, following the deposition of 60 instruments of ratification. The second one is more obvious because it reminds us that 20 years ago, in June and July 1998, the Diplomatic Conference on the adoption of the statute of the International Criminal Court took place in Rome. The editor of the present book had the privilege to be a member of the Czech delegation to the Rome Conference. During the long and very difficult negotiations it was not clear at all whether the Conference would finish with a success within the limited time frame. Neither was it clear what the Statute would be like, having in mind a lot of unsettled issues and alternative wordings of some important provisions. Finally, mostly thanks to a group of like-minded States and some compromises, the Conference adopted the Statute which provides a sufficient basis for the functioning of an independent court with the inherent jurisdiction with respect to the core crimes under international law. From a historical perspective, the adoption of the Rome Statute and its entry into force in less than four years from the Conference, earlier than many participants and commentators had expected, was an undeniable success.