Never in history has a single criminal tribunal had potential jurisdiction over the entirety of the world’s population, at least in theory. Students of comparative criminal justice will find that the International Criminal Court is a dramatic and unprecedented experiment in international criminal justice, one that differs in marked ways from domestic legal systems or even prior international tribunals. The Court is a negotiated compromise among the nations of the world, and therefore combines characteristics of different legal traditions. Adopting the generally adversarial system of the common law world, for instance, the Court has a comprehensive legal aid scheme and strict due process protections for defendants. At the same time, the Court’s criminal procedure includes significant inquisitorial components, characteristic of the civil law world, such as judicial involvement in early pre-trial proceedings and rulings by panels of judges rather than a jury. The Court also incorporates elements drawn from the restorative or transitional justice movement, such as the participation of and reparations for victims of mass atrocity. More than just a hybrid of domestic systems, the International Criminal Court possesses attributes unique to the grave crimes that it prosecutes and its rather unusual jurisdictional limitations.