This book was possible due to a Visiting Foreign Judicial Fellowship at the Federal Judicial Center (FJC) in Washington, DC, from April 2 to September 28, 2012. I want to express my gratitude for having the opportunity to access documents, judicial decisions, courts, and authorities in the United States. I thank all of the people at the FJC for their invaluable help. The content of this book does not reflect the views or opinions of the Federal Judicial Center. I am also grateful, for the indispensable help, to J. Henry Phillips (translator) and Rebecca Szucs (English reviewer), and, for the important support, to Joanna Seybert, Karyn Kenny and Karine Moreno-Taxman.