Transparency International has estimated that the loss to the building and
construction industry through corrupt practices is approximately $1 trillion
in a growing industry that generates U.S. $7.2 trillion globally (Gardiner, 2013).
The construction industry is not unique or alone in the level of white-collar
crime that seems intrinsic to its basic operation. Recently, the governing body
of the world’s most popular sport, FIFA, was in the middle of a controversy that
confirmed long-held suspicions about corruption at the heart of the world
football administration, which linked advanced European countries and
economies to those in the Caribbean, Latin America, and the Middle East
inter alia (Peck and Wallace, 2015). Construction projects for major sporting
events are a potentially rich source of corrupt practices (Stanislas, 2014). It
appears that very few areas of commercial, civic, cultural, and political life is
immune from corrupt criminal practices.