This thesis was written at the International Max Planck Research School for Competition and Innovation which has a doctoral programme jointly organised by the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, the Department of Economics, the Munich School of Management and the Faculty of Law of the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich.1 Corresponding to the intentions of the programme, this work contributes to interdisciplinary research at the interface of law, business administration and economics in the area of competition and intellectual property (IP) rights. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Reto M. Hilty for the supervision of my work, Prof. Dr. Michael Lehmann as second referee, Prof. Dietmar Harhoff, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Annette Kur, Prof. Dr. Geertrui van Overwalle for helpful advice, the members of the IP committee of the Zentralverband Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie e.V. for information about the practice with IP rights, the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition for financial support and Dr. Ilja Rudyk with whom I cooperated; the chapter about the possibility to declare the willingness to license/ licence of right (Sect. A in Chap. 3) is mainly the result of our joint work. I also want to thank my parents, my fiance´e Aure´lie Gue´rin, LL.M., Dr. Jens Kro¨ger, LL.M., and Max Wallot, LL.M.