In colonial times in Europe and in North America, a select group of youth,
of an age not generally regarded as the age of majority, were permitted the
right to vote based on their contribution to society in the form of service
in the armed forces. In contemporary times, however, voting rights have
not been correlated with military service as women, for instance, were ultimately
granted the vote in Western nation States at a time when they did
not serve in the armed forces and were not subject to conscription. Voting
rights came to be conceptualized as a basic human right post-World War
II for every adult citizen as per Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. In contemporary times, the youth voting rights issue has
been, in most Western democratic societies, somewhat trivialized and certainly
de-legitimized. This monograph explores why the global youth voting
rights movement has not been regarded by most mainstream academics
and politicians, or indeed the majority adult population aware of the movement,
as a legitimate human rights struggle as opposed to a push for an
allegedly arbitrary, invented and illegitimate ‘special’ right. We will examine
to what extent the international youth voting rights movement’s lack
of substantive progress in most Western States can be explained by fitting
the facts of the struggle to a model developed by Clifford Bob.