Th e idea for this book originated in a conversation with Lewis Flacks over a dozen years ago. Although death has sadly stilled Lew’s voice, his wisdom on matters of international copyright endures and, I hope, is refl ected, however faintly, in the pages that follow. I am also indebted to Professor W. R. Cornish of Cambridge University and Professor Jane C. Ginsburg of Columbia Law School for reviewing and commenting on the manuscript. Collaboration and conversations with colleagues in the Intellectual Property Group at Morrison & Foerster have enriched my understanding of international copyright law and practice. In particular, the discussion of licensing and contract choice of law has benefi ted from my work with William Schwartz and other lawyers in the Group’s licensing practice, and the discussion of E.C. directives has benefi ted from my work with Th omas Vinje in the fi rm’s Brussels offi ce. At Stanford, several research assistants devoted long hours to compiling bibliographies, tracking down sources and checking references for accuracy: Rey Barcel?, Christine Lyon, Julia Martin, Phil Poirier, Michael Robinson and Barbara Tevarotto have my deepest gratitude. A bequest from the Claire and Michael Brown Estate supported their work. As so oft en in the past, I also depended heavily on the services of the superb Stanford Law Library staff , especially David Bridgman, Arline (Andy) Eisenberg, Andrew Gurthet, Paul Lomio and Erika Wayne. Finally, and as ever, I am indebted to Lynne Anderson for coordinating and typing the manuscript through its several draft s and for keeping the project on track with her incomparable energy, wit and good humor.