The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations (IFRRO) are pleased to present this first international survey on copyright levies in the text and image sector. The publication provides an international overview of the functioning of the various models of text and image levies which are currently in operation across the world. The survey demonstrates that the practice of operating levies is a commonly used way to provide authors and publishers with remuneration for certain uses of their copyright works. This publication has been prepared within the framework of the Cooperation Agreement concluded between WIPO and IFRRO in 2003. This provides a basis for the two organisations to work together in promoting awareness about the practice and operation of the copyright system worldwide. The task of compiling this report was entrusted to Mr Paul Greenwood, who recently retired after 20 years at the Reprographic Rights Organization VG Wort in Germany. The publication provides transparent information on the administration of the levy system with regard to authors, publishers, users of copyright works, manufacturers, importers and other stakeholders. It is hoped that the survey will add another perspective on copyright-related income streams for creators, publishers and rightholders, and will be of interest and relevance to copyright experts, researchers and policy-makers around the world.